not having money to get preferential treatment

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In 2000, the bank came up with a new World Development Report and popularized terms such as empowerment, opportunity, and security.

Not having money to get preferential treatment full#

The approach was nicknamed the two-and-a-half-point strategy: half because the third part, social insurance, was to be a supplement, not a full complement, to the focus on growth and human capital. Therefore, it called for targeted social assistance programs. However, the bank recognized that some poor people-the old, the sick, and the remote-cannot take advantage of growth and investments in education and health, and would need help. What is also clear is the emphasis on trade. The report scolded developing countries for taxing agriculture at a time when most poor people depended on farming. The recommended strategy was still essentially the same: labor-using growth and investments in human capital. By then, there was more experience to draw upon-especially from Malaysia, Thailand, and Indonesia-but the success stories were still only East Asian. That is what the 1990 World Development Report found. If they had the numbers, the 1980 WDR team surely would have found that about three-quarters of poor people lived in rural areas. There is no mention of social insurance-income transfers, social security, etc.-except in two paragraphs that state that such policies were okay for richer countries but unsuitable for developing economies. In fact, in 1968, President McNamara had announced that the bank would give preferential treatment to countries that had policies to control population growth. The 1980 WDR’s emphasis on agriculture and population policy is striking. Source: Gill, Revenga, and Zeballos (2016) EAP=East Asia SAS=South Asia, SSA=Sub-Saharan Africa, LAC=Latin America and Caribbean, and ECA=Europe and Central Asia. Figure 1: Only in East Asia has poverty fallen at speeds consistent with the global goal of getting to three percent And because at that time much of the developing world was agrarian and more than half of all people lived in villages, the report recommended that agricultural growth had to be a big part of any antipoverty strategy. But what was happening in South Korea and Taiwan was promising, so the report recommended that other countries do what they were doing: develop a strategy to foster private sector growth that is intensive in its use of labor and make public investments in education, health, and family planning. The 1980 World Development Report didn’t have much experience to draw on. Conveniently, the bank had summarized its thinking in three World Development Reports- WDR 1980, WDR 1990, WDR 2000-each a decade apart. To answer this question, we looked at the work done on poverty by the World Bank and others over the past 30 years. What did the East Asians do that was so effective? We know it wasn’t cash transfers and smartphones. If you have 30 minutes, you could speedread through it. Then we made a judgment about whether countries that have high rates of poverty today-including India, Bangladesh, Nigeria, and Ethiopia-ought to be doing the same things, and we cataloged our finding here. We studied what had happened in the countries-such as South Korea, Thailand, Malaysia, China, Indonesia, and Vietnam-that had reduced poverty at speeds consistent with what was needed to bring global poverty down to 3 percent by 2030. We found that it would need a lot more than automatic tellers, home visits, and mobile money. One of my assignments at the World Bank was to come up with a blueprint for ending extreme poverty by 2030. With the dots connected, the reader concludes that extreme poverty has fallen by 130,000 every day since 1990-including the 366 days in 2016- because of such interventions.

Not having money to get preferential treatment how to#

The second is that field research has taught us how to best help the poor: give the poor cash (ATM style), train people to go to the homes of the poor with medications (Avon lady style), give the poor access to mobile money (M-Pesa style, explained here), and send them regular text messages to save money, have safe sex, and take their medications (S.M.A.R.T.-style). The first is the observation that between 19, the number of people in extreme poverty fell by more than a billion.